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3.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(10): 1226-1236, dic. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70115

RESUMO

El autor, discípulo del Dr. Cifuentes realiza una reflexión sobre la influencia y enseñanzas de su maestro destacando algunos aspectos que le marcaron especialmente. Resalta su capacidad de observación de la realidad, su minuciosidad en la lectura de todas las pruebas, el análisis de toda la información obtenida y el rigor intelectual en la elaboración de sus diagnósticos. Destaca su interés por el enfermo, sus reflexiones sobre el cáncer de vejiga, la importancia de la Estadística y la introducción y defensa de la cirugía endoscópica en España. Así mismo su defensa de la Urología como especialidad médico-quirúrgica. Como conclusión tenemos su mejor legado: su pensamiento, sus libros y sus trabajos científicos (AU)


The author, disciple of Dr. Cifuentes, thinks about the influence and teaching of his professor emphasizing some features that specially marked us. We emphasize his capacity to observe reality, his meticulous reading of all tests, his analysis of all the information obtained, and his intellectual rigor in the elaboration of the diagnosis. His interest for the patient, his thoughts about bladder cancer or the importance of statistics, and the introduction and support of endoscopic surgery in Spain are outstanding features. It is also outstanding his defense of Urology as a medical-surgical specialty. As a conclusion we have his best legacy: his thought, his books and scientific works (AU)


Assuntos
Urologia/educação , Urologia/ética , Urologia/história , Urologia , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Cirurgia Geral/história , Cirurgia Geral/instrumentação , Cirurgia Geral/métodos , Cirurgia Geral/tendências
4.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(6): 723-729, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66699

RESUMO

Objetivo: El carcinoma linfoepitelial o carcinoma linfoepitelioma-like es un raro tumor cuya histología recuerda a los linfoepiteliomas de la nasofaringe. Se ha descrito su presencia en múltiples localizaciones, pero en la vejiga tan sólo se han descrito 55 casos en la literatura. Presentamos un nuevo caso de carcinoma linfoepitelial vesical y hacemos una revisión de todos los publicados anteriormente, con la intención de definir sus características e intentar obtener una pauta terapéutica y pronóstica aplicable a esta patología. Métodos: Se ha revisado la literatura relativa al carcinoma linfoepitelial y se han analizado las características epidemiológicas, los tratamientos recibidos y la evolución de los 56 casos publicados (incluido el nuestro), tanto de forma global como en función de los subtipos histológicos, según la clasificación de Amin y cols. Resultados: Se han descrito 56 casos, 40 en hombres y 16 mujeres, con una media de edad de 69 años. Se diagnosticaron 19 del subtipo puro (33,9%), 20 del predominante (35,7%) y 11 del focal (19,6%) sin indicarse la histología en 6 de ellos (10,7%). En cuanto a los estadíos tumorales, el 10,7% (6) fueron T1, el 57,1% (32) fueron T2 y el 30,4% (17) fueron T3. En el 58,9% de los casos el tratamiento fue la RTU, en el 35,7% la cistectomía radical y en el 5,4% la cistectomía parcial. Un 42,9% no recibieron tratamiento adyuvante, un 30,4% recibieron quimioterapia y un 19,6% radioterapia. La supervivencia global con una media de seguimiento de 34,5 meses, y una mediana de 25 fue de 67,9%, un 64,3% libres de enfermedad. Si diferenciamos por subtipos histológicos, el 84,3% de los puros, el 100% de los predominantes y el 76,7% de los focales se presentaron con histologías infiltrantes (T2/T3). Un 78,9% de los puros, un 45% de los predominantes y un 45,5% de los focales fueron tratados con RTU. El 83% de los puros recibió tratamiento adyuvante, mientras que el 60% de los predominantes y el 63% de los focales no recibieron ninguna adyuvancia. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad en los estadíos T2/T3 fue de 87,5% para los puros con una mediana de seguimiento de 39 meses, del 75% para los predominantes con una mediana de 22 meses y del 0% para los focales con una mediana de 18 meses. Conclusiones: En el momento actual no se puede definir un protocolo terapéutico especifico para los pacientes afectos de carcinoma linfoepitelial vesical, aunque teniendo en cuenta la aparente buena evolución de los subtipos puro y predominante y la mala del subtipo focal, parece que la RTU podría ser una buena alternativa en determinados pacientes con histología pura o predominante, incluso en estadíos infiltrantes. En cambio, en el subtipo focal el tratamiento radical con cistectomía y adyuvancia sistémica parece la mejor alternativa (AU)


Objective: Lymphoepithelial-carcinoma or lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare tumour, the histology of which remembers nasal pharyngeal is lymphoepitheliomas. Their presence has been described in multiple localizations, but only 55 cases have been described in the bladder. We present a new case of bladder lymphoepithelial carcinoma and performed a review of all published cases, with the aim of defining its characteristics and try to obtain a therapeutic and prognostic guide applicable to this disease. Methods: We reviewed the literature related to lymphoepithelial carcinoma and epidemiological characteristics, treatments administered, and outcomes of the 56 published cases (including ours) have been analyzed, both globally and as a function of histological subtypes following the classification of Amin et al. Results: 56 cases have been described, 40 males and 16 women, with a mean age of 69 years. Nineteen of the pure subtype (33.9%), 20 of the predominant type (35.7%) and I I focal (19.6%) were diagnosed, without any indications of histology in six of them (10.7%). Regarding tumor stages: 10.7% (6) were TI, 57. I% (32) T2, and 30.4% (I7) T3. 58.9% of the cases underwent transurethral resection (TUR), 35.7% radical cystectomy, and 5.4% partial cystectomy. 42.9% did not receive any adjuvant treatment, 30.4% received chemotherapy, and I9.6% radiotherapy. Overall survival was 67.9%, 64.3% disease-free, with a mean and median follow up of 34.5 and 25 months respectively. If we differentiate histological subtypes, 84.3% of the pure, 100% of the predominant, and 76.7% of focal presented infiltration (T2/T3). 78.9% of the pure, 45% of the predominant and 45.5% of the focal underwent TUR. 83% of the pure receive adjuvant treatment, whereas 60% of the predominant and 63% of the focal types did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Disease-free survival for stages T2/T3 was 87.5% for the pure with a median follow up of 39 months, 75% for the predominant with a median follow-up of 22 months and 0% for the focal with a median follow-up of I8 months. Conclusions: Currently, no specific therapeutic protocol can be established for patients with bladder lymphoepithelial carcinoma, although taking into consideration the apparent good outcome of the pure and predominant subtypes and the bad outcome of the focal subtype, it seems that TUR may be a good alternative in selected patients with pure our predominant histology, even with infiltrative stages. Oppositely, radical treatment with cystectomy and systemic adjuvant treatment seems to be the best choice for focal subtypes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicações , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , Carcinoma/complicações , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Cistectomia/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/radioterapia
5.
Arch Esp Urol ; 61(10): 1226-36, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19166108

RESUMO

The author, disciple of Dr. Cifuentes, thinks about the influence and teaching of his professor emphasizing some features that specially marked us. We emphasize his capacity to observe reality, his meticulous reading of all tests, his analysis of all the information obtained, and his intellectual rigor in the elaboration of the diagnosis. His interest for the patient, his thoughts about bladder cancer or the importance of statistics, and the introduction and support of endoscopic surgery in Spain are outstanding features. It is also outstanding his defense of urology as a medical-surgical specialty. As a conclusion we have his best legacy: his thoughts, his books and scientific works.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Cirurgia Geral/história , Urologia/história , História do Século XX , Espanha
6.
Arch Esp Urol ; 59(4): 415-30, 2006 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16800139

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasound is the method that gives a direct image of the prostate, its limits, structural and morphologic anomalies, and anatomical relations. Therefore, prostate volume is easily determined, being the first step for the application of certain therapeutic procedures. Prostatic cryotherapy and brachytherapy have been developed over the last years as minimally invasive options for the treatment of prostate cancer. Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate has allowed the application of these technologies in the daily practice, guaranteeing high efficacy and safety indexes. Cryosurgery is the controlled freezing of tissues. Prostatic transrectal ultrasound is the only method able to show the real-time evolution of prostatic cryoablation, allowing the urologist to control the evolution of the ice ball and to reach the targeted anatomical structures guaranteeing the oncological objectives, and diminishing complications and sequels. Brachytherapy, as a local intraprostatic radiotherapy, needs exact volume and dose calculations before the implant of the radioactive source within the gland. With transrectal ultrasound of the prostate, ultrasound-tomographic cuts are made for prostatic volume calculation and planimetry Once dosimetry is completed, real-time transrectal ultrasound control is necessary to perform the implant of the needles loaded with the seeds. Today, prostate cryotherapy and brachytherapy would be inconceivable without transrectal ultrasound.


Assuntos
Braquiterapia , Crioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Braquiterapia/instrumentação , Crioterapia/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Masculino , Reto , Ultrassonografia/métodos
7.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 415-430, mayo 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047570

RESUMO

OBJETIVO La ecografía transrectal es el método que proporciona una imagen directa de la próstata, sus límites, alteraciones estructurales y morfológicas y relaciones anatómicas. El volumen prostático es, en consecuencia, fácil de determinar, siendo el primer paso necesario para la aplicación de determinados procedimientos terapéuticos. La crioterapia y la braquiterapia prostáticas se han desarrollado en los últimos años como opciones mínimamente invasivas para el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata. La ecografía transrectal de próstata ha permitido la aplicación de estas tecnologías en la práctica diaria garantizando altos índices de eficacia y seguridad. La criocirugía es la congelación controlada de los tejidos. La ecografía transrectal de próstata es el único método capaz de reflejar en tiempo real la evolución de la crioablación prostática, permitiendo al urólogo controlar la evolución de la bola de hielo y alcanzar las estructuras anatómicas deseadas garantizando los objetivos oncológicos y disminuyendo la aparición de complicaciones y secuelas. La braquiterapia como forma de radioterapia local intraprostática necesita de cálculos volumétricos y dosimétricos exactos previos a la implantación de la fuente radioactiva en el interior de la glándula. Con ecografía transrectal de próstata se realizan cortes ecotomográficos para el cálculo del volumen y planimetría prostáticos. Una vez realizada la dosimetría y para realizar el implante de las agujas cargadas con las semillas en su lugar exacto es necesario el control con ecografía transrectal en tiempo real. Hoy en día la crioterapia y braquiterapia prostáticas serían inconcebibles sin la ecografía transrectal


OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasound is the method that gives a direct image of the prostate, its limits, structural and morphologic anomalies, and anatomical relations. Therefore, prostate volume is easily determined, being the first step for the application of certain therapeutic procedures. Prostatic cryotherapy and brachytherapy have been developed over the last years as minimally invasive options for the treatment of prostate cancer. Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate has allowed the application of these technologies in the daily practice, guaranteeing high efficacy and safety indexes. Cryosurgery is the controlled freezing of tissues. Prostatic transrectal ultrasound is the only method able to show the real-time evolution of prostatic cryoablation, allowing the urologist to control the evolution of the ice ball and to reach the targeted anatomical structures guaranteeing the oncological objectives, and diminishing complications and sequels. Brachytherapy, as a local intraprostatic radiotherapy, needs exact volume and dose calculations before the implant of the radioactive source within the gland. With transrectal ultrasound of the prostate, ultrasound-tomographic cuts are made for prostatic volume calculation and planimetry. Once dosimetry is completed, real-time transrectal ultrasound control is necessary to perform the implant of the needles loaded with the seeds. Today, prostate cryotherapy and brachytherapy would be inconceivable without transrectal ultrasound


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Braquiterapia/instrumentação , Crioterapia/instrumentação , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata , Desenho de Equipamento , Reto , Ultrassonografia/métodos
8.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(10): 1003-1029, dic. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044334

RESUMO

Resumen


OBJECTIVES: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the managemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience.METHODS: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2,4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal US transducersupport. Two cycles of freezing -thawing were employed, with apex backward movement when necessary. Freezing cycle duration was between 7-10 minutes or more. The Onik maneouvre – injection of saline into the Denonvillier’s space-diminishes the risk of rectal injury and fistula allowing reaching posterior limits of the icaball beyond the prostatic capsule.RESULTS: We treated 20 patients. Follow-up wasbetween 30-36 months. 58% of the patients had unilateral prostate cancer, 42% bilateral. In accordance to the classic definition 9 patients were classified as low risk of extraprostatic disease, 6 medium risk and 5 high risk; using number of positive cores as the criterion for risk 5, 6 and 9 were low, medium and high risk respectively. Per protocol prostate biopsies were performed in 18 patients 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. Twopatients underwent a second treatment due to persistence of cancer cells in the 6-month biopsy (11%).3-month PSA nadirs after a total of 21 cryo treatments administered were < 0,2 ng/cc in 15 cases (78,9%), < 0,5 ng/cc in 17 (89,4%) and <= 1.0ng/cc in 18 (94,7%); it was over 1 ng/cc in only 5,6% . 30 month PSA for the same cutoff values was 27.8%, 50.0%, 66.6% and 33.3%, respectively.Prostate cancer cells were detected in the 12-month biopsies of 5.5% cases. All 24-month biopsies were negative.COMPLICATIONS: We observed scrotal edema, hematoma, perineal pain and constipation which lasted 2-3 weeks. 1 patient suffered injury of the mucosa at the prostatic urethra, which did not result in rectal fistula and was treated with bladder catheter for 3 months. 4 patients had erectile dysfunction before treatment. All others presented erectile dysfunction after treatment; 3 of them (20%) recovered rigidity enough to have intercourse over the 30 month period.No urethral sloughing or acute urinary retention appeared and all patients are continent.CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic cryosurgery is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of prostate cancer with very low surgical risk, low morbidity and almost null mortality


Assuntos
Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Criocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Árvores de Decisões , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
9.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(9): 873-897, nov. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042782

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS La criocirugía es una técnica verdaderamente mini-invasiva, eficaz para tratar el adenocarcinoma de próstata con riesgo quirúrgico escaso, nula mortalidad per y postoperatoria y sin apenas morbilidad. Ya se ha constatado que se puede aplicar a enfermos de alto riesgo quirúrgico. No precisa sangre ni UVI y es factible en pacientes con desórdenes de la coagulación y en quienes no consienten en recibir transfusiones. Los resultados -valorando niveles sanguíneos de PSA y biopsia negativa- se consolidan con el paso del tiempo. No causa interferencia sobre la eficacia de otras técnicas utilizables cuando no es efectiva. Sus fracasos se pueden recuperar además de con una segunda criocirugía, con prostatectomía radical; muy poco investigado con radioterapia externa y por supuesto mediante supresión androgénica. La crioterapia se puede aplicar con posibilidades de éxito en enfermos con cáncer extracapsular (T3) y la citotoxicidad del frío se ejerce eficazmente sobre: células pobremente diferenciadas y Gleason de 7 a 10; células resistentes o cáncer recidivado tras la radioterapia y el tratamiento previo con hormonoterapia no interfiere su efecto. Hay datos suficientes que apoyan las indicaciones que exponemos a continuación. 1.- Sería el tratamiento idóneo para realizar de 1ª intención. a) En pacientes con riesgo alto y medio de infiltración extracapsular. Son pocos los urólogos que indican la Prostatectomía radical en este grupo. Hay argumentos suficientes para anteponer la congelación controlada a la asociación braqui-radioterapia externa. Si consideramos persistencia de cáncer en la biopsia, elevación del PSA, complicaciones y peligrosidad de las mismas, se refieren muy buenos resultados. ¿Por qué ensayar la radiación y rescatar sus fracasos con crioterapia? Cuando la congelación se aplica como primera opción la tasa de éxitos mejora con respecto a la referida en cánceres resistentes o recidivados tras la radiación. Es evidente que las complicaciones serias son más graves y más frecuentes en pacientes previamente radiados y que no tienen fácil solución. b) En enfermos con cáncer limitado a la glándula con riesgo bajo de extensión extracapsular patologías múltiples y/o cuya edad biológica aparente ser superior a 70 años. c) En pacientes de bajísimo riesgo -PSA < 10, cáncer estadio T1c-T2a y Gleason 2-4 e incluso 5- incluidos los de expectativa de vida superior a 10 años que no se conforman con la pauta "vigilancia". 2.- Se debe considerar como alternativa a cirugía en casos con cáncer intraprostático, bajo riesgo de extensión extracapsular, edad no superior a 70 años y sin patología asociada; claros candidatos a la prostatectomía radical. Este grupo sería bueno para hacer un estudio comparativo y valorar: eficacia, complicaciones, calidad de vida y relación costo-beneficio. Los efectos secundarios más temibles prácticamente han desaparecido: la fístula uretro-rectal, utilizando la maniobra de Onik y las uretro-cutáneas ni se mencionan. Con el empleo del sistema protector de uretra aprobado por la FDA y control de la temperatura en el esfínter estriado, desciende el riesgo de obstrucción y la necesidad de RTUs o manipulaciones endoscopias para extraer esfacelos. No se refiere incontinencia en más del 2% de los casos. También ahorra días de ingreso: 1,5 de media. No precisa UVI ni transfusión. 3.- Pacientes con cáncer resistente o recidivante tras Braquiterapia y/o Radioterapia externa. La Braquiterapia es inapropiada en esta situación: el Gleason es más alto que el primitivo en 2 de cada 3 casos y muchos tienen extensión extracapsular. De suma importancia el efecto "recuerdo de radiación": el tejido normal sólo tolera una dosis determinada incluso transcurridos varios años. Son mejores opciones la prostatectomía radical y la congelación controlada. Para prevenir la progresión local y su morbilidad asociada, para tratar de controlar el cáncer resistente a la radiación y evitar la diseminación a distancia a partir de la recidiva, se recurre a la prostatectomía radical; cirugía la mayoría de las veces bastante compleja. Para conseguir dichos objetivos preferimos la crioterapia. Con menos riesgo quirúrgico sin transfusión ni UVI, menor gravedad y número de complicaciones se describen resultados similares en cuanto al control del cáncer se refiere. 4.- En pacientes con cáncer unilateral, unifocal y bajísimo o bajo riesgo de extensión extracapsular, es posible evitar la impotencia aplicando la técnica de congelación focal.HORMONOTERAPIA PREVIA: Debe indicarse sólo con la finalidad de reducir el volumen prostático al límite más idóneo (menor de 40 - 50 cc). Ventajas que proporciona: la glándula admite una congelación más rápida, precisa menos cantidad de gas, se mitiga la dificultad que entraña la interferencia del pubis y facilita la distribución espacial del menor número de sondas requerido. Todo ello, mejora la dosificación del frío y elimina gradientes de temperaturas acusados en los tejidos interpuestos entre cada dos elementos contiguos. NUESTRA EXPERIENCIA: Emplear dilatadores, es ya historia. Nosotros hemos usado el sistema Fast-Trac de Endocare (Medipro): sondas de 2,4 mm de diámetro implantadas con una sola maniobra sin la ayuda de rejilla ni dispositivo de soporte para el transductor transrectal. Dos ciclos congelación - deshielo con retroceso apical en caso necesario. Duración de la congelación por ciclo entre 7 y 10 minutos e incluso más sin poner en riesgo la pared del recto. Permitiendo que el límite ecográfico de la congelación sobrepase la cápsula prostática incluso por su cara posterior: la maniobra de Onik -inyección de suero salino en el espacio de Denonvilliers´- permite congelar con garantías más alla del límite posterior de la glándula sin incrementar el riesgo de fístula. RESULTADOS Hemos tratado 20 enfermos y seguido entre 30 y 36 meses. A partir del porcentaje de cilindros afectados y de su localización se han etiquetado de unilaterales el 58% y de bilaterales el 42% y atendiendo a la definición clásica son de riesgo bajo 9 enfermos, medio 6 y alto 5 y añadiendo la proporción de cilindros afectados 5, 6 y 9 respectivamente. Se ha practicado biopsia a 18 pacientes realizada por sistema en los meses 6, 12 y 24. Dos enfermos han sido recuperados con una segunda sesión por persistir cáncer en la biopsia obtenida a los 6 meses (11%). Con 21 criocirugías administradas a 19 enfermos, alcanzaron a los 3 meses nadir inferior a 0,2 ng/cc; a 0,5 ng/cc e igual o inferior a 1,0 ng/cc, 15 (78,9%); 17 (89,4%) y 18 (94,7%) respectivamente y sólo en el 5,26% fue superior a 1,0 ng/cc. La proporción de PSA a los 30 meses para esos mismos cortes y por el mismo orden es del 27,8%; 50%; 66,6% y 33,3%. De los 18 biopsiados se objetivó cáncer a los 12 meses en el 5,5%. Y no fue positiva ninguna de las biopsias realizadas en 17 pacientes a los 24 meses. Complicaciones, hemos observado edema de escroto, hematoma, dolor perineal y estreñimiento que remitieron en el transcurso de 2 - 3 semanas. Lesión del urotelio prostático, sin llegar a ser fístula uretro-rectal, en 1, curada con sonda permanente durante 3 meses. Cuatro enfermos -con disfunción eréctil antes de la congelación- continúan sin erecciones. De los otros 15, todos impotentes después de la criocirugía, 3 (20%) han recuperado turgencia suficiente para realizar el coito a lo largo de los 30 meses. Todos los enfermos contienen la orina y en ningún caso hemos observado eliminación de esfacelos ni retención urinaria


OBJECTIVES: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the managemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience.METHODS: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2,4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal US transducer support. Two cycles of freezing -hawing were employed,with apex backward movement when necessary. Freezing cycle duration was between 7-10 minutes or more. The Onik maneouvre – injection of saline into the Denonvillier’s space—diminishes the risk of rectal injury and fistula allowing reaching posterior limits of the icaballbeyond the prostatic capsule.RESULTS: We treated 20 patients. Follow-up was between 30-36 months. 58% of the patients had unilateral prostate cancer, 42% bilateral. In accordance to the classicdefinition 9 patients were classified as low risk of extraprostaticdisease, 6 medium risk and 5 high risk; using number of positive cores as the criterion for risk 5, 6 and 9 were low, medium and high risk respectively. Perprotocol prostate biopsies were performed in18 patients 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. Two patientsunderwent a second treatment due to persistence ofcancer cells in the 6-month biopsy (11%).3-month PSA nadirs after a total of 21 cryo treatments administered were < 0,2 ng/cc in 15 cases (78,9%), < 0,5 ng/cc in 17 (89,4%) and <= 1.0ng/cc in 18 (94,7%); it was over 1 ng/cc in only 5,6%. 30 month PSA for the same cutoff values was 27.8%, 50.0%, 66.6% and 33.3%, respectively.Prostate cancer cells were detected in the 12-month biopsies of 5.5% cases. All 24-month biopsies were negative.COMPLICATIONS: we observed scrotal edema,hematoma, perineal pain and constipation which lasted 2-3 weeks. 1 patient suffered injury of the mucosa at the prostatic urethra, which did not result in rectal fistula and was treated with bladder catheter for 3 months. 4 patients had erectile dysfunction before treatment. All others presented erectile dysfunction after treatment; 3 of them (20%) recovered rigidity enough to have intercourse over the 30 month period.No urethral sloughing or acute urinary retention appeared and all patients are continent.CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic cryosurgery is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of prostate cancer with very low surgical risk, low morbidity and almost null mortality


Assuntos
Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Crioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Falha de Tratamento , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia
10.
Arch Esp Urol ; 58(10): 1003-29, 2005 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16482851

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the monagemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience. METHODS: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2.4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal U.S. transducer support. Two cycles of freezing thawing were employed, with apex backward movement when necessary. Freezing cycle duration was between 7-10 minutes or more. The Onik maneouvre--injection of saline into the Denonvillier's space-diminishes the risk of rectal injury and fistula allowing reaching posterior limits of the icaball beyond the prostatic capsule. RESULTS: We treated 20 patients. Follow-up was between 3036 months. 58% of the patients had unilateral prostate cancer, 42% bilateral. In accordance to the classic definition 9 patients were classified as low risk of extraprostatic disease, 6 medium risk and 5 high risk; using number of positive cores as the criterion for risk 5, 6 and 9 were low, medium and high risk respectively. Per protocol prostate biopsies were performed in 18 patients 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. Two patients underwent a second treatment due to persistence of cancer cells in the 6-month biopsy (11%). 3-month PSA nadirs after a total of 21 cryo treatments administered were < 0,2 ng/cc in 15 cases (78.9%), < 0.5 ng/cc in 17 (89.4%) and < or = 1.0 ng/cc in 18 (94.7%); it was over 1 ng/cc in only 5.6%. 30 month PSA for the same cutoff values was 27.8%, 50.0%, 66.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Prostate cancer cells were detected in the 12-month biopsies of 5.5% cases. All 24-month biopsies were negative. COMPLICATIONS: We observed scrotal edema, hematoma, perineal pain and constipation which lasted 2-3 weeks. 1 patient suffered injury of the mucosa at the prostatic urethra, which did not result in rectal fistula and was treated with bladder catheter for 3 months. 4 patients had erectile dysfunction before treatment. All others presented erectile dysfunction after treatment; 3 of them (20%) recovered rigidity enough to have intercourse over the 30 month period. No urethral sloughing or acute urinary retention appeared and all patients are continent. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic cryosurgery is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of prostate cancer with very low surgical risk, low morbidity and almost null mortality.


Assuntos
Criocirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Idoso , Criocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Árvores de Decisões , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
11.
Arch Esp Urol ; 58(9): 873-97, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16430036

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the managemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience. METHODS: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2,4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal US transducer support. Two cycles of freezing--hawing were employed, with apex backward movement when necessary. Freezing cycle duration was between 7-10 minutes or more. The Onik maneouvre-injection of saline into the Denonvillier's space--diminishes the risk of rectal injury and fistula allowing reaching posterior limits of the ica-ball beyond the prostatic capsule. RESULTS: We treated 20 patients. Follow-up was between 30-36 months. 58% of the patients had unilateral prostate cancer, 42% bilateral. In accordance to the classic definition 9 patients were classified as low risk of extraprostatic disease, 6 medium risk and 5 high risk; using number of positive cores as the criterion for risk 5, 6 and 9 were low, medium and high risk respectively. Per protocol prostate biopsies were performed in 18 patients 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. Two patients underwent a second treatment due to persistence of cancer cells in the 6-month biopsy (11%). 3-month PSA nadirs after a total of 21 cryo treatments administered were < 0,2 ng/cc in 15 cases (78,9%), < 0,5 ng/cc in 17 (89,4%) and < or = 1.0 ng/cc in 18 (94,7%); it was over 1 ng/cc in only 5,6%. 30 month PSA for the same cutoff values was 27.8%, 50.0%, 66.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Prostate cancer cells were detected in the 12-month biopsies of 5.5% cases. All 24-month biopsies were negative. COMPLICATIONS: We observed scrotal edema, hematoma, perineal pain and constipation which lasted 2-3 weeks. 1 patient suffered injury of the mucosa at the prostatic urethra, which did not result in rectal fistula and was treated with bladder catheter for 3 months. 4 patients had erectile dysfunction before treatment. All others presented erectile dysfunction after treatment; 3 of them (20%) recovered rigidity enough to have intercourse over the 30 month period. No urethral sloughing or acute urinary retention appeared and all patients are continent. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic cryosurgery is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of prostate cancer with very low surgical risk, low morbidity and almost null mortality.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Crioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Falha de Tratamento
12.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(9): 876-82, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15624388

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To perform a historical review of varicocele and male infertility with the aim to find descriptions that first related them. In parallel, we review the evolution of treatment for varicocele up to date. METHODS/RESULTS: We refer to multiple authors and their treaties on Medicine, from first to 20th Century, in which descriptions of these pathologies are found, focusing on descriptions of the surgical technique for treatment of varicocele and their application in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Varicocele was already described in treaties from the first century having bee of n its treatment predominantly surgical from the first description to our days. Not identified as a cause of infertility until late, by the end of the 19th century, it is the main indication for treatment nowadays. The surgical technique has suffered many modifications over time, both in the approach as in the "radicality" of a vascular ligature applied.


Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina/história , Varicocele/história , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , Humanos , Masculino
13.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(8): 841-4, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15560274

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To report one case of prostate carcinoma with metastasis to the corpora cavernosum. METHODS: We report the case of a 79-year-old patient with the diagnosis of Gleason 9 prostatic adenocarcinoma who presented a hard lesion on the glans penis one year after starting androgen blockade. The patient underwent palliative TURP and biopsy of the lesion. RESULTS: Pathology reported a penile metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Penile metastasis are rare, usually appearing in advanced stages of the primary disease; their treatment is palliative and should only be carried out in symptomatic patients.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias Penianas/secundário , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino
14.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(9): 876-882, nov. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36114

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión histórica del varicocele y la infertilidad masculina, con la intención de encontrar las descripciones que los relacionaron por primera vez. Paralelamente revisamos la evolución del tratamiento que se ha aplicado al varicocele hasta nuestros días. MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Hacemos referencia a múltiples autores y sus tratados de Medicina, en los que se encuentran descripciones de estas patologías desde el siglo I hasta el siglo XX, concentrándonos en las descripciones de la técnica quirúrgica empleada para el tratamiento del varicocele y su aplicación en España. CONCLUSIONES: El varicocele es una patología ya descrita en los tratados del siglo I, siendo su tratamiento predominantemente quirúrgico desde su primera descripción hasta nuestros tiempos. Su identificación como causa de infertilidad fue tardía, finales siglo XIX, siendo ésta la principal indicación de tratamiento en la actualidad. La técnica quirúrgica empleada ha sufrido múltiples modificaciones a lo largo de los tiempos, tanto en la vía de abordaje como en la "radicalidad" de la ligadura vascular aplicada (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , História Antiga , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XVII , Varicocele , Infertilidade Masculina
15.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(8): 841-844, oct. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35820

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Aportar un caso de carcinoma prostático con metástasis a nivel de cuerpos cavernosos. MÉTODOS: se presenta un paciente de 79 años diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma prostático Gleason 9 en el que se detecta una lesión indurada a nivel de glande tras un año de tratamiento con bloqueo androgénico. El paciente es sometido a una RTU paliativa y biopsia de la lesión. RESULTADO: El estudio histológico objetivó una metástasis peneana del adenocarcinoma prostático. CONCLUSIONES: Las metástasis peneanas son poco frecuentes y suelen aparecer en fases avanzadas de la enfermedad de origen, el tratamiento es paliativo y solo debe realizarse en pacientes sintomáticos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias da Próstata , Neoplasias Penianas
16.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(4): 434-7, 2004 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15270289

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To report the 7th case of pararenal angiomyolipoma published in the world literature and to review the international bibliography. METHODS: We report the case of a 46-year-old female with history of renal colic and a complex mass on radiological tests. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma is a rare pathology with no more than 7 published cases. The diagnostic difficulty and radiological similarities with liposarcoma make surgery the treatment of choice.


Assuntos
Angiomiolipoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(3): 189-97, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15174498

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to perform a comprehensive exposition of the various non-endourological treatment options for upper urinary tract tumors in order to set the bases to choose the most adequate surgical indication depending on tumors' and patients' characteristics; we consider the various surgical approaches, and the historic evolution from the classic indication established by Albarran (radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff) to the current ones more conservative. We also consider the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of these tumors. METHODS/RESULTS: We refer to the conclusions of various authors and their large series published in the literature, series considered classic already, and provide support adding our experience by reviewing 223 patients treated from 1977 to 2003 with a mean follow-up of 45 months (maximum 238 months). CONCLUSIONS: We can state that it is acceptable to indicate less aggressive ways of treatment (nephroureterectomy without bladder cuff, distal or partial ureterectomy, and conservative operations) if the oncological radicality requirements are met, remembering that site, tumor grade and stage are determinant in the outcome.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Ureterais/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgia , Ureteroscopia
18.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(4): 434-437, mayo 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-32294

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Presentar por su rareza el 7º caso de angiomiolipoma pararrenal publicado en la literatura mundial, y revisión de la bibliografía internacional.METODOS: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 46 años de edad con historia de cólico nefrítico y masa compleja en las pruebas radiológicas.RESULTADOS/ CONCLUSIONES: El angiomiolipoma pararrenal es una patología infrecuente no existiendo mas de 7 casos publicados. La dificultad diagnóstica, y las semejanzas radiológicas con el liposarcoma hace de la cirugía el tratamiento de elección (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Angiomiolipoma , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais
19.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(3): 189-197, abr. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31272

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una exposición global de las diferentes formas de tratamiento no endourológico de los tumores del tracto urinario superior, con la intención de sentar las bases para elegir la indicación quirúrgica más adecuada en función de las características propias del tumor y del paciente, considerando la evolución histórica desde la indicación clásica establecida por Albarrán (nefroureterectomía radical más rodete vesical) hasta las actuales más conservadoras y las diferentes formas de abordaje quirúrgico. Igualmente consideramos el papel que juegan la radioterapia y la quimioterapia en el tratamiento de estos tumores. MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Con este fin hacemos referencia a las conclusiones, ya clásicas, de los diferentes autores y sus grandes series publicadas en la literatura y nos apoyamos en nuestra experiencia, aportando los datos obtenidos al revisar el tratamiento de 223 pacientes tratados desde 1977 hasta 2003 con un seguimiento medio de 45 meses (máximo de 238 meses). CONCLUSIONES: Como conclusión final podemos afirmar que es lícito indicar formas de tratamiento menos agresivas (nefroureterectomía sin rodete vesical, ureterectomía distal, parcial y cirugías conservadoras) cumpliendo requisitos de radicalidad oncológica, sin olvidar que la localización, grado y estadio tumorales son determinantes en su evolución posterior (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Adulto , Ureteroscopia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Ureterais , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Renais
20.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(10): 1073-90, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15714844

RESUMO

Cryosurgery is an emerging technology consisting on controlled freezing of tissues. Good results, maintained in the long-term, have been referred in the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. A role as possible substitute of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal adenocarcinomas smaller than 4-5 cm is under research. There is no discussion that freezing destroys cellular machinery and triggers several events the final result of which is cell death by necrosis and apoptosis. The decrease of temperature makes extracellular liquid crystallize and creates a hyperosmotic environment, which induces water to go out of the cell producing intracellular dehydration. Intracellular ice is created with fast freezing speeds being attributed the most destructive effect on biological tissues with irreparable damage. In blood vessels, it directly induces endothelial cell death and mechanical lesions of the endothelium; the consequence is the formation of thrombi that obstruct the lumen of the vessel. In the post-thawing phase there is an increase in free radicals formation and neutrophil activity, which induces cellular membrane lipids peroxidation and new endothelium lesions. Tissue destruction is determined by: minimal temperature achieved, freezing speeds, freezing phase duration, number of freezing-thawing cycles provided, and distance to the freezing focus. As we move away from the freezing focus cells are affected in different ways, and there are several mechanisms proposed to explain the lethal action induced by temperatures higher than--40 degrees C. In our series pathologic findings were: necrosis, hemorrhagic areas either developed or not, fibrosis, hyalinization and increases in the relative number of hematic capillaries, microscopic calcifications, basal cells hyperplasia, and transitional or squamous metaplasia. Residual cancer is localized in the areas less affected by freezing. It should be emphasize the scarce morbimortality associated with the procedure. It does not require ICU admission or blood transfusions, no cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) or heart events have been described, and mortality is null, so that it is feasible in high surgical risk patients and without age limit.


Assuntos
Criopreservação , Congelamento , Próstata/patologia , Manejo de Espécimes , Crioterapia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino
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